1804 Justice of the Peace (Magistrate) Guide, Papist Warrants including Committal of a Popish Priest for Marrying Contrary to Law.
Even in 1804 these measures were a throwback to the Penal Laws of the early 18th century and had fallen into abeyance. The marriage stipulation features in a major case c 1770s involving one of the Bantry Whites (later Lord Bantry family). He had married a Miss Dillon, a Catholic. He later had the marriage annulled as it was illegal having been performed by a ‘Popish Priest’
Effect of Penal Laws. Sons Of Irish Catholic Aristocratic Families Requirement to Produce Genealogical Proof for Crown Service on the Continent 17th 18th and 19th centuries.
1840 Legal Action on 1740 Deed Whereby Thornhill acted as Trustee for Galweys on Hedges Eyre Macroom, Co. Cork, Estate to Circumvent Penal Laws and Ejectment Action by Hedges Eyre estate in 1840.
Miss Mary Twomey from Schull near Skibbereen reads her Recantation from The Errors of The Church of Rome and Embraced the Protestant Religion at St. Nicholas Church, Cork.
Sometimes this would be done on inter-faith marriage, other time an empty formula for conveyancing or professional purposes to technically comply with the Penal Laws.
1763, Death at age of 102 of Henry Galwey Esq., Bantry From a Former Very Opulent Family Honest people Reduced in Recent Years Of Frequent Seizures Falling On Hard Time
Penal Laws in Co. Cork early 18th century, Father Donogh Sweeney, Doctor of Sorbonne, Paris, , arrested like common criminal for saying Mass by Richard Hedges, Macroom, Warrant 16th October 1712. Petition of 1717 of Samuel Potter Innishannon to Lord Liutenant re ‘Bringing to Justice’ two Popish priests Charles Carthy and Teige Mahony for saying Mass and a Popish Schoolmaster Owen Cartie and who has shown great diligence in apprehending and prosecuting many secular and regular Popish clergy
Hedges was associated with the Whites then of Whiddy later Bantry House dn the Blairs Dunmanway/Bantry/Durrus, Davies Macroom and the Fenwicks of Dunmanwya in acquiring large blocks of land from the London Hollow Blade Company. They were later involved in smelting, forest clearing, and Bantry fisheries.
Barry, John Milner (1768–1822), physician, was born in Kilgobbin Castle, Ballinadee, Co. Cork, eldest among two sons and nine daughters of James Barry (d. 1804) and Elizabeth Barry (née Milner), co-heiress of William Milner of Dunmanway, Co. Cork. Educated at a school near Bandon, Co. Cork, he graduated MD (1792) at Edinburgh University and subsequently returned to Cork, where he established a medical practice.
(1768-1822), 1802, 1805, 1809, 1812, 1820, 1823 Dr. John Milner Barry, Edinburgh Doctor, Marlboro St living 1805, 1812 Cook St. Cork Fever Hospital Eldest son of James Barry and Elizabeth Milner, KIlgobbin, Bandon. John Milner M.D. “for the benefit rendered to the City in the Establishment of Fever Hospitals to which he so materially contributed”. Freedom. From Bandon. Son TCD admissions, BARRY Edward Milner 1843 23 John Medicus Cork 1801-1802, Committee for Conducting and Regulating the House of Recovery. John Milner Barry and Charles Barry, M.D. Physicians 1807 subscriber Cork Institution. 1816 corresponding member Kings and Queens College of Physicians of Ireland. 1820 subscriber Cork Library. 1823, Corresponding member College Physicians of Ireland. 822 committee Cork Branch Auxiliary Hibernian Scripture Society. 1809 Printed 7th annual report of the Cork House of Recovery for the Prevention and Cure of Fevers. Total admitted 278 persons. With descriptions by John Milner Barry MD and Charles Daly MD, including observation of a large number of females admitted in the summer, the appearance of Scarlet Fever in different parts of the town. Ballinadee There is a memorial plaque to Dr John Milner Barry credited with founding Cork Fever Hospital city to prevent the spread of Typhus Fever in 1802 “Cork committee 1818 Lancastrian system Milner Barry continued “A meeting of the Fever Hospital Committee took place in the Crawford Institute of Science and Arts in Cork, 136 years ago today on 20 February 1890.
The symptoms of typhoid fever were described in medical journals at the time of Hippocrates in the fifth century BC. However, it was not until the first half of the nineteenth century that typhoid fever was clearly distinguished from other such diseases. In the eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries, the principal infectious diseases that threatened public health in Ireland were tuberculosis, smallpox and fever (a generic term that covered typhus, relapsing and typhoid). Hunger, poverty, dirt and overcrowding were the main causes.
” “The Irish people had an unrivalled knowledge of fever, its symptoms and its consequences. Experience taught them that the disease was contagious and the fear of infection drove them to quarantine those who contracted the illness. By the opening decades of the nineteenth century, ‘fever huts’ were established where the sick were placed.
They consisted of a few stakes, covered with long sods called scraws and a small portion of straw or rushes. The stakes and sods were usually placed against the fragment of a wall, the gable of a tumbled house or against a ditch. The middle and upper classes attempted to isolate the infected within their own homes, but domestic segregation did little to check the spread of disease.
Popular attempts to address and mitigate the impact of fever were paralleled by institutional ones. Fever hospitals were established in Dublin, Cork, Waterford, Kilkenny, Belfast and Limerick under special Acts of Parliament in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. These hospitals were complemented by three distinct types of publicly-funded fever hospitals that were established following legislation in 1807, 1818 and 1843.
Typhoid is contagious and the bacteria, Salmonella typhosa, may be found in contaminated food or water — especially water polluted by sewage — and is transmitted through the mouth. Typhoid was practically endemic in armies, a factor which contributed to the spread of the disease here, Cork City in Ireland having been a garrison city for centuries.
In 1800, there was a virulent outbreak of typhoid in Cork and not less than 4,000 persons were treated. The disease affected all classes but especially the poor, who lived in extremely unhygienic and insanitary conditions. Unemployment and poverty were major contributory factors.” “In 1802 John Milner Barry established the first fever hospital in Cork City in Ireland which was located at the top of the appropriately named Fever Hospital Steps adjacent to and east of Our Lady’s Well Brewery in Blackpool and west of Victoria Barracks. The response to his appeal to the citizens for financial help was immediate and generous. At the first meeting of the Fever Hospital Committee, the Church of Ireland Bishop, Thomas Stopford, presided. The following were Vice-Presidents: Dr Moylan, Catholic Bishop; John Longfield MD; John Callanan MD; William Beamish; Richard Lane, and Cooper Penrose. From then on the Fever Hospital served the citizens well through many outbreaks of typhoid.
Dr Milner Barry introduced vaccination into Cork in 1800, and was the first to make it known to any Irish city. In 1824, a monument with a long laudatory inscription was erected to his memory in the grounds of the Fever Hospital by Corkonians.
In 1890, the Chief Medical Officer was able to report to the Annual General Meeting of the Committee that there had been only 143 patients with the disease during the previous year.
John Milner Barry, Bandon Born, Shinach in Irish to Prevent Small Pox
In a pamphlet published in Cork in 1800, Barry observed that for the previous half century and more country people were familiar with cowpox, which they termed ‘shinach’, from the Irish word sine, meaning teat (of an animal); they recognised the mildness of the cowpox infection and its ability to provide immunity from smallpox.
A Church of Ireland clergyman in the parish of Moviddy in east Muskerry informed Barry that ‘shinach’ was well known in the locality and had long been deemed a preventive of smallpox.
Barry had encountered several individuals who as children had been deliberately exposed to cowpox infection.
Fifty-year-old Joanna Sullivan related that when she was 13 she and a number of other children were taken to a dairy, where they were made to squeeze the cows’ teats until their hands were covered with ‘the fluid matter of the disorder’, which they called the ‘shinach’.
Cowpox appears to have been endemic in mid- and west Cork in the middle decades of the 18th century and, according to one of Barry’s informants, whose account was substantiated by his octogenarian grandmother, country people exposed themselves deliberately to the disease, such was the general belief that those who contracted cowpox were ever after protected from the more virulent smallpox.
Barry concluded that popular belief in the anti-variolous power of cowpox was as old as the disease itself.
Recollections of James Stanley Vickery as a grandchild in Molloch, Durrus, Bantry (1829-1911), House c 1740-70 and Probably Prior House in ruins Pre-1740
Enclose are picture of the house, yard and well in January 2016. Also enclosed in the probably earlier Vickery house possibly before 1740s situated just a distance from the present house which was lived in up to the 1980s by the Swanton family who are probably related by marriage to the Vickeries.
The farm comprised 170 acres large farm for the area.
In the Bantry Estate Records the Vickeries and their kinsmen the Warners and O’Sullivans were noted as yeomen farmers. Like the Warners, the Vickeries probably originated in nearby Rooska and are most likely in the Bantry area pre 1700. The Warners apart from farming also held various farms which were sub let as did the Tedagh Sullivans, The Warners had a reputation for hard work, honesty and fair dealing which transferred to their Cork descendants, the Musgrave family (Supervalu) on the female line. Like the Vickeries they were Church of Ireland and late converted to Methodism.
House 1740-70, and probable pre 1740 house:
There is a debate as to whether he has all the family information correct. Entire Recollections:
In Frank Callanan’s biography of Tim Healy (Politician, barrister, Governor General of Irish Free State) he states that his grandfather Healy was a classical teacher in Bantry. In the recollections James relates how he was taught by a master called Healy it may be the same man.
The above house may have been the residence of James Stanley Vickery. It is owned by Mr Jimmy Swanton, Moloch, Durrus and was lived in until around 25 years ago.
These are an extract of the early memories of James Stanley Vickery who later went to Australia. He founded a business in Ballarat dealing in chemicals, food products etc. This successful business remained in the Vickery family until World War 2.
James Swanton was a notable local figure and was a Cess payer representative in 1834:
1834. NAMES and PLACES of RESIDENCE of the CESS PAYERS nominated by the County Grand Jury at the last Assizes, to be associated with the Magistrates at Special Road Sessions to be holden in and for the several Baronies within the County, preparatory to the next Assizes, pursuant to Act 3 and 4 Wm. 4, ch. 78.
Barony of Bantry
William O’Sullivan Carriganass, Kealkil
Michael Sullivan, Droumlickeerue
John O’Connell, Bantry
Richard Levis, Rooska
William Pearson, Droumclough, Bantry
Daniel O’Sullivan, Reedonegan
Jeremiah O’Sullivan, Droumadureen
John Cotter, Lisheens,
James Vickery, Mullagh, Bantry
Rev. Henry Sadler, The Glebe
John Godson, Bantry
Richard Pattison, Cappanabowl, Bantry
John Kingston, Bantry
Samuel Vickery, Franchagh
William Pearson, Cahirdaniel, Bantry
Robert Vickery, Dunbittern, Bantry
Daniel Mellifont, Donemark
John Hamilton White, Droumbroe
Samuel Daly, Droumkeal
He was born in Skibbereen and after his parent died of Asiatic cholera in 1832 he and his two sisters went to live with their grandparents at Moloch, Durrus 1832-36. His grandfather James had formerly farmed in Rooska and held the farms by lease from Lord Bantry at a modest rent and the family was comfortably off. There was a suggestion that the family were involved in smuggling and the Vickerys are reputed to descend from two brother shipwrecked in Bantry c 1740. In later years his grandfather became religious and a leading light in the Methodist movement. James spent 4 years in Moloch and gives an interesting account of life at the time. In his grandfather’s time there were good prices for produce but hard to get to market. There were no proper roads and his grandmother or aunt had to go to Bantry it was on horseback in the old fashion pillion. When wheeled vehicles arrived on the farm but were used with a feather bed.
The house was a two storey one with slated roof. There was rough comfort with turf fires. Wood was dug out of the bog sufficient to make rafters for the outhouses, oak as black as jet. There was a resinous wood found in great plenty out of which when dry they made good torches which was often used instead of a candle. In 2008 there are still quantities of bog oak in the nearby Clonee bog.
Bacon hanging from the kitchen rafters, potatoes in their prime, with oatmeal porridge, wholemeal bread, milk and butter and honey in abundance. It was the finest honey country around with the hill tops covered in native heath and the fields in red clover. There was the best kind of fish with very little of either beef or mutton or even the staple commodity bacon. Off the wild coast grew some edible seaweeds which made a cheap pleasant and extremely wholesome food. Carrageen moss had long formed a medical food of great value. Shellfish of various kinds were cheap, crab of large size were very common. Oysters very large and plentiful were not much in use. Everything was both cheap and plentiful with the exception of that most needful of all money to purchase. He knew of turbot sold at 2/6 which would cost 20/- in Billingsgate. The people though living close to the sea were not strictly seagoing unlike the Cornish folk on the opposite coast of England.
Spinning wheels would be making music the large one for wool and the small one for flax. The articles made from these materials were very coarse but strong and endurable. Farming implements were of the primitive kind, a one furrow plough scythe, sickle and flail. The latter consisted of two well seasoned ashen sticks about five feet long united together with strip of green hide. With this the corn was threshed and it was a pleasant sight to watch the active young men face each other at the work. There was not even a winnower in use and the corn had to be separated from the chaff by holding it up to the wind the corn falling on a sheet of tarpaulin spread on the ground to receive it. Foreign matter small stones and clay was later removed prior to going to the mill by spreading it on a large kitchen table and the women of the house picked it out.
After killing the fatted cow the rough fat was melted and used in the making of candles usually by the slow process of dipping. A good washing potash lye was made from ashes of burnt furze. Starch was made from the farina of potatoes. A kind of tea was made from a certain kind of mint, china tea being a luxury forming often times a valued present from well to do friends. A sweet and mild alcoholic drink was brewed from honey called metheglin (spiced mead). Sickness was treated with simple herbs grown in the garden. He well remembered the abhorrent taste of tansy to kill worms and other parasites in the child’s interior. Whiskey was not forgotten no doubt having the well known peculiar flavour of genuine ‘Potheen’. It was very little used as a beverage by the family but as a remedy it had its place in emergencies. He dwelt on these particulars as they gave an insight on the common life of the time now passed away.
He recalls his grandfather’s death and the wake going over two nights with a professional keener.
He went around 1837 to a small private school in Bantry run by a man called Healy who was a Catholic. The new National schools had been boycotted by the Irish Protestants. Healy had attained a proficiency in mathematics but was extremely cruel, over one of the rafters he threw a small rope and tied it under James’s arms and hoisted him up swinging him gently and letting him feel the holly rod to the amusement of the other boys. His wife on seeing it stopped him and gave Healy a piece of his mind. Healy was later convicted of cruelty in front of the magistrates. James later went to live with relatives in Bandon and went to Australia in 1853. The house in Mulagh is the old Swanton farmhouse last occupied by Jimmy Swanton’s mother 1980s. and in fair structural condition. Sullivan
