By way of background it might be remembered tht the Economic War with Britain was raging at the time and the was widespread distress.

https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/durrushistory.com/37255

https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/durrushistory.com/37093

https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/durrushistory.com/37047

https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/durrushistory.com/34988

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1934 Deasys Stout, Clonakilty, Out of 818 Entries at the Brewers Exhibition London in Deasys secured 2 Prizes.

Allman Dowden, Special Stout Brewed from Home-Made, Malt and Hops, Bandon, Famous Stout, Throughout West Cork

https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/durrushistory.com/37855

1835 Called to Bar and Sworn before Lord Chancellor Richard Deasy, Clonakilty (Brewing Family) Later Attorney General for Ireland, Luke Shea, Gort Gurrane, Kinsale Gentlemen Whose Names to Whom Asterisk is Attached are Roman Catholics.

https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/durrushistory.com/22016

https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/durrushistory.com/17174

Lease of 1795 from Bantry Estate to Maurice Spillane of 87 acres at £15 per annum with a covenant ‘To buy all his malt and beer at brewery to be approved by lessor under penalty of 10s per barrel of malt and 5s per barrel of beer’

https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/durrushistory.com/10626

Eugene O’Keeffe 1827-1913 (Baptised Bandon 1827 Owen Keeffe), Canadian Banker, Brewer and Beamish and Crawford Brewery Cork.

Kinsale Brewery

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https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/durrushistory.com/33720

The Spread of Trade, Fairs in West Cork, Aughadown, 1661, Ballydehob, 1620, Ballygobane alias Oldtown, Bantry, 1679, Bantry 1700,  Bawnlahan and Rahine and Drimoleague 1615 (O’Donovan of Castledonovan),  Clonakilty 1620, Drimoleague, 1768, Enniskeane 1620, Kilbrrah, Ballyhallow, (Dunmanway), 1615, New Stapletown (Skibbereen), 1675, Bridgetown (Alias Cornea) Skibbereen, 1676,

Ancient Bawnlahan, Leap, Fair Day, Ascension Thursday.

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Beyond Leap, Beyond the Law…

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1936.  Durrus Agricultural Show

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One of the features is that people in other parts of Co. Cork exhibed many with links to the area such as the Vickeries of Little Island who have Durrus/Bantry connections.

Photograph Committee Durrus Agricultural Show 1937, West Cork.

Held in the vicinity of school.

1937 Durrus Agricultural Show, 700 Entries

One of the features is that people in other parts of Co. Cork exhibed many with links to the area such as the Vickeries of Little Island who have Durrus/Bantry connections.

Photograph Committee Durrus Agricultural Show 1937, West Cork.

Held in the vicinity of school.

Centre Canon McManaway a driving force in getting the creamery established, the new road over the hill from Coomkeen to Bantry, the first Church of Ireland School at Ahagouna in the Free State

Tom Deane, tall at back, former Dublin Metropolitan Police, Crottees he was so tall the Police had to have a special bicycle made for him.  Community activist, member Church of Ireland Diocesan Synod.

Jim Pyburn, Dunbeacon, middle row, third from left.

Richard Sweetnam, Dunbeacon.

Eddie Hurst (front row, left), model farmer, Beach House Bantry now the property of the Wagner family married to Shannon, Clashadoo also model farmers, father of Hazel Vickery, Bantry.

Jack Minihane (far, right)

Courtesy St. James’ Durrus. A Parish History.

https://durrushistory.com/2015/01/11/meeting-durrus-agricultural-show-1938/

https://durrushistory.com/2015/03/01/john-rye-macroom-co-cork-early-agriculturalist-1730-on-the-burnng-of-lime/https://durrushistory.com/2014/11/24/minutes-of-balineen-co-cork-agricultural-society-1845-7-ordered-that-pamphlet-on-turnips-be-translated-into-irish-for-some-of-the-protestant-famers-turnips-flax-growing-plight-of-labourers-att/

https://durrushistory.com/2014/03/17/bantry-west-cork-agricultural-show-taisdaeantas-cuireadgineachta-bheantrai-1947-names-and-addresses-of-competitors-curriculum-of-vocational-educational-committee-day-and-evening-kingdom-show-b/

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Cork Examiner

1937 Durrus Show

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All comments welcome. Part of the reason a small area pre the Irish Famine 1845-7 had one of the world’s highest rural population densities was the availability of marine resources, sea sand, seaweed. As early as 1820 there were favourable comment by (Kerry born), Dublin Attorney Orpen at how developed West Cork was with shipping to Spain, Portugal, France, roads, harbours. He was related to local families such as the Durrus Hutchinsons, landlords, Swanton of Ballydehob and indirectly to the O’Sullivans of Ballaghadown, Caheragh. William Orpen is of this family.

Click here:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XBm66v2Qo6oOyp6SXIySijiNXnlUgSogDUHaMTp5oH8/edit

Pilchards, p. 2

Baltimore, p.5

Port of Baltimore 1691-1693, Customs and Excise, Statistics, p.6

Bantry and Durrus, p.10

Ballydehob/Carrigmanus/Castlehaven/Crookhaven/Skibbereen, p. 59

Lobster Boats of Hehir Islands and Roaring Water Bay by Cormac Levis, p.

Clonakilty, p. 118

Courtmacsherry, p. 79

Kinsale, p. 80

Grand Jury Presentments Sea sand roads, p. 127

Ropemakers, Nets

Sea Sand, Sand Quays, p.125

Sand Boats, Coal Trade to Ballydehob, Sea Sand on River Ilen Skibbereen,  p. 134

The Puxleys Copper Mines, Allihies, Shipping 1812-1884, p. 132

Steamship Service, Cork to Dingle via  Castletownbere 1850-1940, p. 177

Piracy/Smuggling, p. 178

Ropemakers, Nets, p. 197

Shipping, Lloyds Agents, p. 179, 198

Skibbereen to Crookhaven Road 1822, p. 183

Boatbuilding Kinsale, Skibbereen area late 19th/20th century. P.192

Harbours, Lighthouses, p. 196, 278

Proposed railway to Glandore Harbour, p.207

Wrecks, p. 198, 221

Fishing By Laws, Bantry 1870,  Bandon 1871, Glandore 1871, Ardigeen (Clonakilty) 1877, River Ilen (Skibbereen) 1878, from Crown Solicitors Papers, p. 224

Pilchard Palaces, p. 243

Dr. Arthur Went on Pilchard Industry, p. 244

Maps and some Du Noyer sketches, p. 221

1812-1825, Admiralty Court, West Cork, Wrecks, p. 221

Royal Navy Press Gangs Operating off Cork Coast, 1755-1812, p. 215

British Navy Base, Bere Island, p. 217

Piracy, p. 247

1822 Local Fishery Committees, Irish Fisheries Board, p. 266

Clio Salvage Litigation, 1825, p. 269

1837, statistics, boats, fishermen, coastguard, p. 275

1920s Jack Attridge, Durrus, self built boat, p.277

Kinsale  Hookers from 1671, p.311

English  navy records 17th century timber extraction from Bantry and supplies to Kinsale, p.300

1755 Lisbon Tsunami, Kinsale and  Crookhaven, p.286

Coastal Shipping, p. 297

Pilchard Fishery Bantry, p. 298

Index to Journal of Cork Historical And Archaeological Society reference to pilchards, p.302

1893, Baseline Report of Redmond Roche Inspector, Congested District Board, Castletownbere, Sheepshead, Schull, Baltimore, p. 316

s

From Hazel Vickery who donated Vickery papers UCC, Boole Library:

https://libguides.ucc.ie/ld.php?content_id=32363594

In 1912, Willie’s cousins, Herbert & Tommie Vickery, sons of George J. Vickery, of Vickery’s Hardware Shop,opened a motor repair garage behind the hotel. As they were Ford dealers, they needed a showroom on the street. This was in the new hotel building between the front door and the archway, with petrol pumps on the footpath. The hotel was used by the Cork Ford Company for regional meetings and Henry Ford, his wife Clara and daughter stayed in the hotel on the night of the 10th August 1912.

Corktown, Detroit, Michigan being Revitalised by Henry Ford The Third.

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Henry Ford, Madame, Ballinascarthy, West Cork and the Uilleann Pipes

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Famous Visitors to the Hotel:

Noel O’Sullivan a porter in 1940 wrote that he remembered opening the door for the then, Taoiseach, Eamon de Valera; General Tom Barry; Dan Breen, Eoin O’Neill, Dr Noel Browne, the singer Delia Murphy and actresses
Kathleen Ryan and Hermione Badderly. In 1961, during the making of the film “I Thank a Fool” on the Mizen Head Peter Finch stayed with his wife Yolande. Susan Hayward and Diane Cliento who were starring in the same film were regular clients for meals at that time. Trevor Howard, Cyril Cusack and Geraldine Plunkett (Glenroe) visited when making a film in Baltimore. Trevor was so pleased with one of the photos of him taken by Ian that he ordered 100 copies to use as a publicity photograph. Maureen O’Hara and her husband Charles Blair stayed when looking for property in the area which they eventually found in Glengarriff. She became a regular client as was Christy Moore when he had a house in Durrus – much to excitement of the staff. Before the private sitting-room/guest lounge became
the dining room I have fond memories of great sing-songs with various friends and guests playing the baby grand piano which had come from Elsie and Ian’s home in Reenmeen, Glengarriff after it was sold. Pianists included Donal Crosbie of the Cork Examiner family, Joe Lynch (Dinny in Glenroe), Maureen Potter and Jimmy O’Dea who stayed when they were staging their revues in the Parochial Hall. Later the old bar became the venue for the Young Musicians’ Platform during the West Cork Chamber Music Festival until they outgrew the room.

1914-1919, Gardens at Garretstown House, Kinsale, Grapes, Peaches, Lemons, Oranges

Courtesy Kinsale Historical Society (2016, Vol 24, P. 19)

Lost demesne and historic gardens of Ballintubber near Ballinhassig, Co. Cork built by Lt-Colonel William Meade c 1650 and home of Samuel Thomas Heard creator of Rossdohan Gardens.

Gumbelton Estates including areas of Kilcrohane and Durrus West Cork, William Edward Gumbleton (1840-1911) garden at Belgrove, Great Island, Cobh, Co. Cork and donation of Botanic library to Botanic Gardens at Glasnevin.

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Samuel Thomas Heard (1835-1921), of Ballintubber, (late 17th century formal gardens), Kinsale, Co. Cork, East Indian Army Surgeon Major, inspired by Madras Horticultural Gardens he created Rossdohan gardens in Kenmare, Co. Kerry in 1873 utilising Furze as sea shelter emulating Lord Carbery at Castle Freke and son’s plant collecting in Abyssinia.

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Inventory of plants grown by Gaelic Irish 1620 prepared by Philip O’Sullivan Bere, and early 19th century cultivation of grapes and pineapples by Timothy O’Donovan Magistrate of O’Donovan’s Cove, Durrus, West Cork.

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Present by Daniel Sullivan, Berehaven, West Cork, to Richard Boyle, The Great Earl of Cork, c 1636 of Harvey Apples, Bon Chretien and Bergamotte pears, Arbutus for his new garden at Stalbridge Park, Dorset and Ireland’s first horticultural export The Strawberry Tree’ (Arbutus unedo) from 1580s.

https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/durrushistory.com/6139

https://www.academia.edu/s/9a05a2014a?source=created_email

Courtesy Cormac Levis and Folklore Department, University College Dublin.

Agricultural Improvement, County Premium Boars, Premium Bulls, Extra Premium Bulls, Stallion Asses, Barony of Bantry and Bere, Carbery.

This is part of the Congested District Board and Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction effort to improve agriculture.   Many of the same families appear from the 1850s winning prizes in agricultural shows and some of their present day descendants are still involved.

https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/durrushistory.com/25053

From James Morrissey

https://www.irishtimes.com/news/on-the-verge-of-want-1.313466

Apparently in 1890, Arthur Balfour, Chief Secretary for Ireland, visited the west of Ireland to witness for himself the appalling conditions.

In a speech delivered in Liverpool, he declared: “The general impression left upon the casual traveller is that you are dealing with a population not congested in the sense of being crowded, but congested by not being able to draw from their holdings a safe and sufficient livelihood for themselves and their children, whose condition trembles constantly on the verge of want, and when the potato crop fails, goes over that margin and becomes one of extreme and even dangerous destitution.”

Balfour decided that action was needed in the form of a new entity to bring about an improvement in conditions. And so the Congested District Board was established by the Land Act of 1891.

Areas were designated “congested” if the total rateable value, when divided by the number of population, was “less than one pound ten shillings for each individual”. The prime objective was to “help the people to help themselves” but before any assistance was given, Balfour wanted the board to ascertain in detail the circumstances which prevailed in the eight counties (Donegal, Sligo, Leitrim, Roscommon, Mayo, Galway, Kerry and Cork).https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-37/html/container.html

On November 6th, 1891, he told his fellow board members: “I would suggest… that a careful study be made of the whole region from north to south with which we have to deal.”

Balfour recommended the study should include “a minute examination into the existing condition of the inhabitants… their means of livelihood, the quality of the soil, the amount of land (if any) now available for extension of holdings, the fishing accommodation in existence, the possibility of increasing it, the number of migratory labourers and the character and extent of local industries.

“It would also be very desirable among the results of this survey to find a place for some account of the general character of the dwellings in which the people live, and the actual items of their annual receipts and expenditure.”

A team of inspectors was subsequently appointed to conduct the study and in their letters of appointment, W. L. Micks, the first secretary of the board, emphasised the confidentiality of their work.

A search for these board reports took me to the early printed books section of Trinity College. My greatest curiosity was reserved for what the “confidential study” had to say about Kiltimagh. Henry Doran, the inspector who filed his report on May 6th, 1892, declared that “the land is very badly cultivated and rotation of crops is not followed.” Dwellings, he found, were “divided into two apartments, one used as a living room, and at one end of it the cattle are usually kept… the children of both in the other apartment, and the milk and butter are kept there”.

Despite the cramped conditions, Doran was impressed by the inhabitants: “Reflecting on the habits of the people of this and neighbouring districts, who are born and reared in the same room as their cattle; where brothers and sisters occupy the same sleeping apartment, insensible of any violation of human decency; living in such foul surroundings, in such close association as the brutes of the field, I have often marvelled how they are so moral, so well-disposed and so good in many ways as they generally are.”https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-37/html/container.html

Clearly the families were poor. The estimated annual income for a family of six was £25. 7s. with the sale of two pigs yielding the highest return (£6) while the expenditure was just four shillings less at £25. 3s. One quarter of the spending went on the purchase of Indian meal, which was consumed by the family for breakfast and supper and by the pigs and poultry.

The poverty picture was broadly similar all along the western seaboard. In Fanad, Co Donegal, F.G.Townsend Gahan, the inspector, remarked: “To look at the land generally one is inclined to say that, comparatively speaking, these men are fairly well off, but again to look at the houses one feels inclined to say they are very poor”.

In Cahirciveen, J.E.Butler recommended that the number of public houses be halved and that whiskey should not be sold in the same shops with meal, flour and other goods.

“I would prevent a concoction of vitriol etc. being sold as whiskey which maddens the drinkers and helps to fill Killarney asylum with lunatics, now numbering over 400.” It became very clear to all the inspectors that a range of improvements was required to alleviate the plight of the people. Better methods of farming, the introduction of agriculturalists, more modern equipment and boats for fishing, new piers, roads and bridges and radically improved housing were all deemed essential.

“I have no faith in itinerant instructors,” wrote Doran. “The agricultural instructors should be resident in the district and be in daily communications with the people and have some land which should be managed in a manner that would demonstrate the advantage of his skill and knowledge. If he cannot practise what he preaches, who can have faith in him?”

The Congested Districts Board embarked on a range of worthwhile initiatives until its dissolution in 1923. For example, the improvement of housing resulted in 28,267 dwellings either being constructed or improved. New farming methods were introduced and a range of cottage industries developed. The success of such projects depended greatly on the level of support.

A real measure of improved circumstances was seen in the level of deposits in post-office savings accounts in the eight counties. Some years before the board was established, these stood at about £243,000. By 1912, 21 years later, savings had risen to £2.26 million.

Micks witnessed tangible evidence of the improved conditions in and around Kiltimagh: “I have accompanied Father Denis through the numbers of clustered hovels in which people lived on their rundale holdings (farms comprised of numerous isolated plots) before the board’s real land work began; and afterwards I have seen the comfortable detached houses and improved compact holdings”.

On the Verge of Want is compiled and edited by James Morrissey (published by Crann≤g Books, £23.60)

1848, Michael Doheny Young Irelander On the Run, Dunmanway, Gougane Barra, Probably Borlin Valley, Bantry, Supper of Trout, Bedding of Fresh Hay on a Settle, Breakfast Included a Slice of Fried Badger

Doheney

Title: The Felon's Track
       History Of The Attempted Outbreak In Ireland, Embracing The Leading
       Events In The Irish Struggle From The Year 1843 To The Close
       Of 1848
       

Author: Michael Doheny

Release Date: December 26, 2004 

Chapter 9 deals with his wanderings in West Cork

http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14468/14468-h/14468-h.htm#CHAPTER_IX

companion’s flight down the slope with the best speed my stiffened limbs could be forced to. Arriving over a valley which is called, I think, Branlieu, situated in a western direction from Gougane Barra, he pointed to a lone house at the extremity of the valley, as my destination. It was about four o’clock, but the rays of the sun had ceased to irradiate this gloomy valley, over which hung the shades of night. At the western side the mountain was steep as a wall, and down from the summit dashed headlong torrents, swelled by the morning’s rain. The waters gleamed like sheeted ice through the haze, and their roar fell upon the ear with a dull sense of loneliness and pain. On the eastern slope wound a new road, one of those heartless experiments which the inventive genius of the Board of Works in Ireland substituted for the exploded trial of prolonging beggars’ lives by Soyer soup and chained spoons. On these roads the people were to perform the greatest possible amount of work, and live on the least possible quantity of food. But, although these operations cost much waste of blood, the roads opened no new and fruitful sources of industry in these mountain valleys, only frequented by the footsteps of the sportsman, or scanned by the eye of the votaries of pleasure. The house where I called was intended for my guide. However, I found my claim for hospitality at once recognised on pronouncing the password of my host by the sea. The cabin—it was literally such—was in the most filthy state. The dung of the cattle had not been removed for days, and half-naked children squatted in it as joyously as if they rolled on richest carpets. The housewife merely replied to my question in the affirmative. But she immediately proceeded, with the help of two little girls, to remove the filth. I was so fatigued and hungry that I could willingly postpone the process of cleaning for the sake of providing any sort of food. I was doomed to disappointment. No appearance of supper interrupted the busy operation, until the dung was removed, and the floor drained. I retired, and endeavoured to ascend the eastern hill, to a point where I could catch a glimpse of the setting sun.

On my return I found the owner of the house, a man of giant frame and noble features. His dress bespoke a taste or pursuit incompatible with the wild mountain destiny stamped upon the external aspect of his home and family. His wife spoke a few words in Irish, explaining my presence, to which he answered that I was welcome. Supper was at length prepared, when he drew from a basket a few of the finest trout I ever saw. He cleaned and fried them with his own hands, as if the operation were above the capacity of his wife, who performed the other culinary duties with silent assiduity. It might be owing to hunger, it might be owing to the actual superiority of the fish, or it might be owing to the mode of cooking, but it seemed to me as if I never tasted anything of equal flavour to those trout. The entertainment was ended with some boiled new milk, slightly curdled, a delicacy little known in the circle of fashion, but never surpassed either in that or any other. Some fresh hay was procured and strewn on an article of furniture common in the houses of the Kerry peasantry, called a “settle.” It is a sort of a rude sofa, made of common deal timber. On this “settle” my host prepared my bed of new-mown hay, barricaded with old chairs and a table against the assaults of the hungry animals. I had not long lain down when a man entered (the door consisted of a pair of tongs, so placed as to prevent the egress of the cattle), lay at full length on the table, and fell fast asleep. In an hour or so afterwards, there came another, who groped his way over the cattle, and, sweeping the fire from the hearth, lay down to sleep in peace. This man slept uneasily, and groaned heavily, as if some terrible sense of guilt or fear pressed against his heart.

I had a vague feeling of uneasiness, not free from alarm, but the hearty snoring of the one, and the fitful complaints of the other of my bedfellows died away on my ear, and I, too, shared their unconsciousness in deep sleep. The man who brought my baggage arrived early next morning. My host soon provided a good substantial breakfast—excellent new potatoes, which had escaped the blight, butter, new milk, and a slice of the flesh of fried badger. He then proposed to accompany us with his son, aged about thirteen, who by some inexplicable privilege seemed exempt from any portion of the drudgery which was the lot of the family. The other man who brought the baggage was persuaded to leave his horse and car, and accompany us with my bundle, as far as the summit of the hill. To climb the steepest mountain side had become an amusement to me, and we ascended the one then before us, merrily, our host relating many anecdotes of sportsmanship, and detailing the startling incidents and wild rapture of badger-hunting. From the summit we commanded a view of the country for miles around. “Here we are,” said our host, “higher than the proudest of your enemies.” He then traced the route of the man with the bundle, through the open plain, and by the nearest way; and turning to me, he said: “You must not go in the same direction, for every yard of it is set. Follow my son,” he said, and turning to the boy, he named several points in the path whereby he should conduct me. “Lead Mr. Doheny safely,” he concluded, “and remember you are the son of —-.” In utter astonishment I inquired how he knew me, and he answered by waving his hand in the direction of the boy, who had bounded off and was scarcely perceptible above the tall heath. I soon overtook him, and as we went along, I learned that my two companions during the night were also evading the law’s pursuit. One of them he described as having killed a man by accident, and ever after leading, the life of a “poor wild goose.” I made no doubt but this was he whose spirit seemed so heavily laden. We had a couple of terriers of the truest breed, whose sudden discovery of a badger interrupted our conversation and impeded our journey. The young hunter became delirious with joy. His encouraging cries to the dogs were broken outbursts of wildest rapture; and when the game took shelter in his inaccessible den, he would dash himself against the rocks with the same reckless vehemence as his dogs, who, in their rage, attempted to bite away the hard mountain stones.

He left the spot with the utmost reluctance, after venting an oath of vengeance against the head of the poor badger, to which he promised sure destruction on the occasion of their next meeting. We quickly descended in the direction of Gougane Barra, where he parted from me, indignantly refusing a half-crown which I offered him.

Once more I found myself on the slopes of Shehigh, in sight of Lough Lua. My immediate object was to place myself in communication with my lady friend at Dunmanway. I was extremely anxious to see her. I wanted to procure through her some things to complete my costume as a disguised priest, and finally I expected to learn through her some news of my family. With the view of seeing her in the safest retreat, I determined to conceal myself in a wood belonging to a Mr. O’Leary, at a place called Coolmountain. I endeavoured to gain the friendship of a man in the neighbourhood, of whom I had learned the highest character for probity. It was necessary to confide in him fully; for his fidelity to his employer might induce him to betray me, if he suspected that my flight was occasioned by moral guilt. He did not disappoint me. At once he entered into all my plans, and immediately sent his wife with a message to Dunmanway. The distance was about six miles; and the utmost caution was necessary, for the police authorities, baffled in all their calculations, concerning my retreat, and deceived in every word of the information they were able to purchase, had determined on making simultaneous searches in all quarters of the country, so that scarcely a house remained in this vicinity that had not the honour of a domicilary visit.

Re Dunmanway Father Doheny was the parish Priest. He alone with Father Quin, Durrus, Dore,Caheragh, Ryan, Drimoleague were incardated from the Dioceses of Tipperary to Cork. All were highly able building churches schools introducing parish registers. The were involved in anti tithe agitation and highlt politicas

Doheneys observation on the filth of the house is echoed in 1900 by Father Tim O’Mahony visiting relations around Bandon and Dunmanway many quite prosperous

West Cork Clergy and letter from Fr. Tim Mahony, Brasher, New York, October, 1901 after Cork Visit to Inchigeela, Caheragh, Droumdeegy, Coolmountain, Ballyvilone, KIlmurray, Researching his Lantry/Lanktree family, Tánaiste of the O’Mahonys living in wretched hut, outside Ballineen, healthy children thriving in filthy house with pigs and hens in kitchen relatives going to Argentine Republic, New Zealand.