The Cullinanes in particular those of Bantry and Skibbereen were probably of old Gaelic stock with an infusion of Protestant Swanton blood.  In the earlier references it is not possible to say if this is the Cullinane family due to the variety of spelling variation of Irish names to English.

In the Baronies of the Carberies and  Bantry and Bere from the mid 18th century emerged a class of Catholic and Protestant of business families with no connection to the local Landlords or their agents.  Through acute business acumen they prospered in a bleak landscape.  The Catholic ones from the early 19th century were actively engaged in politics, anti tithe agitation, Rereal, Fenian Activity, the Land League,  the Irish Parliamentary party ultimately culminating in independence for the greater part of the Island of Ireland in 1922.

There is little memory now of the Cullinanes; it seems the relations are those of Australia descendants of Jeremaih Cullinane, forced as a political exile to flee his native land from British oppression.  He and his family prospered in Australia.

What is contained here is largely newspaper snippets in which it throws light on many aspects of local circumstance such as the emergence of the Catholic Church, political activism than the Cullinanes a s power brokers and their involvement in local administration.  They and their allies deposed the Earl of Bantry and his agent the Pauynes as local overlords from the late 19th century.

There are ironies here in 1889 in Mr. Culinane in Bantry places his yacht at the disposal of the distinguished (unidentified) visitor.  This visitor was of considerable interest to the authorities  of Dublin Castle and he was tailed by the RIC.  It shows the wealth of the Cullinanes.   Similarly supported the  Land League and they were also Landlords.

The Cullinanes were part of ‘The Bantry Gang’  Often used as a term of decision comprising a network of individuals and families from or with associations from the greater Bantry area.  Tim Healy’s position was not helped by constant derision in the works of James Joyce for his perceived part in the downfall of Charles Stewart Parnell  The Cullinanes were related by marriage and  close to William Martin Murphy.  Perhaps one of Ireland’s greatest businessmen.  He had the misfortune to be in charge of the employer federation during the infamous 1913 lockout. Since then a cottage industry has grown up to discredit him.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dDNUgc3EJbOKX1v_kIkfqWEk9OQdyEwTrqlLosJC_-4/edit?pli=1

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The Cullinanes of Clonakilty, Skibbereen, Bantry, Gympie, Queensland, Australia. Jeremiah and Patrick Cullinane Associates of Jeremiah O’Donovan Rossa.

Introduction, p, 7

Australian Cousins, p, 8

Swanton ancestry, p. 11

Cullinane Magistrates, p., 11

]1895 dearth Charles Cullinane, Bantry, p.12

1900 Death J. Cullinane Bantry, p. 13

1935 funeral of JOhn G.Cullinane, Clonakilty, p. 15

1414.  Treatise on Medicine translated by John O’Cullinane physician to Donal McCarthy Reagh and his tutor Pierce Ó h-Uallacháin, begun at Kilbrittain Castle 1414., 

1560s.  Fiants of Queen Elizabeth 1 of England with West Cork References Multiple Pardons (McCarthys. O’Driscolls/Crowleys/O’Crowleys/Dalys/O’Mahonys/O’Cullanes/Collins for ‘Rebels’. The format of the surnames is different to that now used.  Might be Cullinane.p.19

1585.  Earliest representation of West Cork person, 1585, Catherine Cullinane, Ballynacarriga (Townland of the Stones) Castle, Dunmanway., p.19

Kinsale (St. Multose) Register 1692, p.19

1691  Convert Rolls, p.19

Dorothy Callanan 1752 Creagh Ross Dr Casey has a Dorothy Cullinane marrying Daniel Pearse 1752 name different but more associated with Creagh then Callanan, p.19

Margarett Holmes Will 1732 and other wills, p.19

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1414.  Treatise on Medicine translated by John O’Cullinane physician to Donal McCarthy Reagh and his tutor Pierce Ó h-Uallacháin, begun at Kilbrittain Castle 1414., p.13

1560s.  Fiants of Queen Elizabeth 1 of England with West Cork References Multiple Pardons (McCarthys. O’Driscolls/Crowleys/O’Crowleys/Dalys/O’Mahonys/O’Cullanes/Collins for ‘Rebels’. The format of the surnames is different to that now used.  Might be Cullinane.  p.13

1585.  Earliest representation of West Cork person, 1585, Catherine Cullinane, Ballynacarriga (Townland of the Stones) Castle, Dunmanway., p, 13

Kinsale (St. Multose) Register 1692, p. 13

1691  Convert Rolls

Dorothy Callanan 1752 Creagh Ross Dr Casey has a Dorothy Cullinane marrying Daniel Pearse 1752 name different but more associated with Creagh then Callanan, p. 13

Margarett Holmes Will 1732, p. 13

1744 Denis O’Cullane aged 24 Drimoleague claim to ancient properties in East Carbery, p. 15

1761 Cork Cullinane, p. 18

1783.  Hamilton White, Esq., Bantry lease, p. 18

Irish Flax Growers, 1796, p. 19

Tobin weddings, p. 19

1825 Myross Select Vestry, p., 25

1829 – Kilmacanogue Tithe Applotment (Partial) Index, p. 20

Bantry Anti-Tithe meeting October  1832., p., 20

1835 Bantry Catholic Rent. listed in order of amount., p.21

1842 Jeremiah Culliane, Skibbereen, an old extensive trader, p. 23

.

1863, Goleen Relief Committee, Subscriptions

Early Draft

Click here:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1J99eaaPZDTZely8do-BbwFteyhH3XSd0Animq–7f5c/edit?pli=1

It is not immediately obvious why some people from outside the area contribute.  However in most cases there is a local link.  Judge Berwick probably has Symms ancestry.  The Symms as the Dowes/Coughlans/O’Callaghans/Notters are all small Protestant Landlords on Mizen closely linked,   The Cagneys are fabulously wealthy Cork butter merchants and acquire an estate in the area in the 1850s Encumbered Estates Sales

A bit of a mystery is the largest donation of £27 collected by the Rev. Dr. Lynch President of the Irish College in Paris

Mr.

West Cork Magistrates:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iUWLnMdEXFgyt6IlrIj-t50Zy6-zHlB9SYcgvi7anJw/edit

Lord Shandon Criticism:

Ignatius O’Brien, Cork born former Lord Chancellor in his memoir praises the Cosgrave administration decision post 1922 to replace the Magistrates with professionally qualified lawyers as District Justices. The other area of praise was the introduction of an unarmed police force, the Gardai. Bram Stoker (former Inspector of Petty Clerks) Manual for Petty Court Clerks was widely used in the Irish District Court until the mid 1930s.

In the late 19th century James Gilhooley MP continuously brought to the attention of the British Parliament the practice in West Cork of the RIC District Inspectors being allowed to sit on the Magistrates Bench. The Official Dublin Castle response was that the practice was not approved of but nothing was done to stop it.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tIaBhKgLF7lyzdwq74Wmr8gDEwDNgIbQmJgxj9TzHVg/edit

1941, Drinagh Co-Op, A Real West Cork Success Story Report 1942 Effects of ‘Emergency’, Attempting to Trucks Driven by Gas from Irish Anthracite, Visit by Committee Members R. Ellis, T. Sweetnam, to Pig Farm

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oSMXarHmtP51W3j5B2WGk5kgi_mhY1R7Zi0y9CVyMvs/edit

Funerals West Cork 1634-1971. This is a significant update on earlier. Right up to the mid 1960s the Southern Star in particular often published a very comprehensive listing of those attending and the family relationships to the deceased. Presumably the lists were provided by the undertakers. For those prominent the obituaries often throw light on earlier times in terms of politics, religion, business, farming and cultural and sporting matters. Here disregard the pagination.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1A8vkAzsRVEhpiP2EOryWiYcEryJw0ic4DmnKe6vZEqI/edit

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Teachta Béaga Gaedhilge, by Norma Borthwick with Illustrations by Jack B. Yeates. The Irish Alphabet in Irish and English Characters.

https://photos.google.com/share/AF1QipNSww7iHkEvrYWqajZOiKrQfFrW3VR57Vfg2CYHHeQPslIRaLdHo8NLw6sf_udapg?key=djVmZkc5UTItTmhrMGdUc2pmT29UMVNnY2cxdEFn

https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=125&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1

BORTHWICK, Norma (1862–1934)

Scaip Tvuít Seol

leagan furasta le priontáil

ainm eile	Aodh RuaGartanFear na Móna
dáta breithe	25 Iúil 1862
dáta báis	13 Meitheamh 1934
áit bhreithe	Highfield, Higher Bebington, Chester, Sasana
áit bháis	Cille Bhrìghde, an tEilean Sgitheanach
áit adhlactha	Cill Ma-Ruibhe, an tEilean Sgitheanach
inscne	bean
slí bheatha	amhránaíscríbhneoirealaíontóir

GRÉASÁN GEOGRAFACH

Féach áiteanna a bhaineann leis an mbeathaisnéis seo ar léarscáil idirghníomhach.

GAOLTA TEAGHLAIGH

George Borthwick [tuismitheoir]

Mary Elizabeth MacDonald [tuismitheoir]

NAISC ANALL

Beathaisnéisí a bhfuil crostagairtí iontu chuig an gceann seo.

NÍ RAGHALLAIGH, Mairéad (c.1867–1945)

Ó TUAMA, Micheál (1877–1927)

Ó SÉAGHDHA, Tadhg P. (1906–1978)

NIC DHONNCHADHA, Lil (1891–1984)

MAC NÉILL, Cathal (1862–1958)

NÍ RAGHALLAIGH, Áine (1868–1942)

KEAWELL, Patrick J. (c.1864–1933)

Ó SÚILLEABHÁIN, Micheál (c.1862–1925)

NÍ SHÍTHIGH, Caitlín (1886–1938)

COX, Michael Francis (1852–1926)

Ó LAOGHAIRE, Peadar (1839–1920)

Ó DOMHNAILL, Pádraig (1856–1927)

Ó CUÍV, Shán (1875–1940)

BERGIN, Osborn Joseph (1873–1950)

‘A handsome young woman with a pale haughty face and an assured carriage. There was pride and temper in the face: the broad intellectual forehead had short downward lines between the brow. But the mouth had a charming smile’. Sin é an cur síos atá ag Charlotte McManus uirthi in White light and flame: memories of the Irish Literary Revival and the Anglo-Irish war, 1929. Ar 25 lúil 1862 a rugadh í i Highfield, Higher Bebington, Chester. George Borthwick, fear gnó (“General merchant” atá ar theastas breithe Norma, cé go luaitear bróicéaracht billí leis ina theastas pósta) a hathair agus ba í Mary Elizabeth MacDonald as Dún Éideann a máthair. Mariella Norma a hainmneacha baiste; ainm cumaisc é ‘Mariella’, é bunaithe ar ‘Mary Elizabeth’. Deartháir dá sin-seanmháthair, Mary Elizabeth eile, an Alan MacDonald ón Oileán Sciathanach in Albain a phós Flora MacDonald. Uncail do Norma ba ea Sir John MacDonald, Lord Kingsburgh, a bhí ina Lord Justice-Clerk ar Albain ó 1888 go 1915. Dar le Irisleabhar na Gaedhilge (Meitheamh 1897) gur neacht í Norma le Sir Algernon Borthwick, an chéad Bharún Glenesk, eagarthóir agus uinéir an Morning Post. Dhealródh go raibh gaol aici leis nuair nár shéan sí an tuairisc sin ach is léir ón gcuntas ar dheartháireacha Lord Glenesk in Lord Glenesk and the Morning Post (1910) nár dheartháir dá hathair é.

Is de réir dheasghnátha na hEaglaise Caitlicí agus Aspalda, a bunaíodh timpeall 1832, a pósadh tuismitheoirí Norma. Rugadh ochtar clainne dóibh, cúigear iníonacha agus triúr mac.

An chéad eolas cinnte fúithi in Éirinn go raibh sí sa láthair i nGaoth Dobhair nuair a díshealbhaíodh tionóntaí ar eastát Olphert. Na sceitsí a tharraing sí ann tá siad le feiceáil i bhforlíonta a cuireadh le United Ireland i nDeireadh Fómhair agus i Samhain 1890. Rinne Liam P. Ó Riain an tagairt seo di in The Irish Literary Revival (1894): “Miss Norma Borthwick who is known as an artist will be remembered by many readers in connection with the exciting episodes in the Land War in Ireland”.

D’fhoghlaim sí Gaeilge ó Thomás Ó Flannghaile sa Southwark Literary Society. Is dó a thoirbhir sí Aibgitir na Gaeilge (1900). Is inspéise gur aithris sí “Laoi Oisín i dTír na nÓg”, a bhfoilseofaí eagrán Thomáis de in 1896, ar 17 Eanáir 1895, an oíche ar cheangail sí le Conradh na Gaeilge i Londain. Chaith sí seal ina cisteoir acu. Tháinig sí os comhair shaol na Gaeilge nuair a ghnóthaigh sí duais ar aiste faoin teideal “Brí na teanga i gcúis na náisiúntachta” ag an gcéad Oireachtas in 1897. “Aodh Rua” an t-ainm cleite a roghnaigh sí. Bhailigh Fionán Mac Coluim an duais thar a ceann. Cearnóg Markham, Chelsea, a seoladh ag an am. Ceapadh í mar rúnaí ag Ard-Choistean Chonartha ag cruinniú 15 Meitheamh 1898. Post deonach a bhí ann. D’éirigh sí as i Mí na Nollag na bliana sin. Cuid dá cúram bainistíocht Irisleabhar na Gaedhilge. Bhuaigh sí duais san amhránaíocht ag Oireachtas 1898. I gcaint raidió a chraol sé i 1958 dúirt Mac Coluim gurbh amhránaí agus ceoltóir í. Um Nollaig 1898 bhí sí ag fanacht leis an mBantiarna Gregory sa Chúil: “Miss Borthwick the Irish scholar who had been giving me lessons in London is staying here and has classes every afternoon in the Gate Lodge, about eight girls and thirty to forty young men alternately, some walking as far as three miles to attend” (Seventy years). Idir shúgradh is dáiríre dúirt sí freisin: “The beginning of modern Irish drama was in the winter of 1898 when Douglas Hyde and Miss Borthwick acted in Irish in a Punch and Judy show”.

Norma agus Torna a chuir eagar ar imeachtaí foilsithe Oireachtas 1898. Comhthoghadh í ina ball den Choiste Gnó in 1899 agus bhí sí ina rúnaí ar Oireachtas na bliana sin. Bhí sí ag cabhrú le hEoin Mac Néill chun An Claidheamh Soluis a thabhairt amach.

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Newtown, Bantry

1898.  Bantry Petty Session Court.  Stirring Days if the Land League Recalled.  Intimidation, Eviction, Boycott, Cattle Maiming.

By about 1910 the vast bulk of the Landed Estates of Ireland had either been acquired or were in the process by the Land Commission.  About 70% of the surface area of the Island of Ireland was acquired in the title vested in the tenant subject to the payment of an annuity.  Perhaps the largest voluntary transfer in world history.   Thereafter cases such as this disappeared.

Click here:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1lNs2HVX1_bTQx8WQS7pwMXIP9UQIn-5AFuNuNd4BISA/edit

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DckBxj3mrbm5JdkE5PpPPvgFo19JvesxbVEqV2zHQw4/edit#heading=h.l4wg4jhp9xxp

Parnell Indemnity Fund 1889. Subscribers, Durrus, Kilcrohane, West Cork.

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Two figures who were very prominent in local affairs and politics are Father Kearney and his Curate, later Parish Priest Father Timothy O’Leary, both Durrus.

Rev Michael Kearney P.P. 1835-1897, attended Diocesan College Cork and Maynooth from a substantial farming family in Manch, Dunmanway, Durrus 9 Feb.1886-1897 built a new church Kilcrohane 1895. The Skibbereen Eagle reported in September 1865 on his move as a curate from Kilcrohane to Inchigeela that his move was universally regretted by all denominations. He preached in Irish. He bought or rented Durrus Court from Lord Bandon. He featured in some of the Ballydehob Presentments for road building at Rossmore with Thomas Shannon in May 1896 and appeared before the Bantry Poor Law Guardians appealing for relief for a blind evicted tenant in Kilcrohane. He is reputed to have been a major purchaser of land on his own account and there are a number of properties in Rossmore and Brahalish listed in the 1901 Census as being owned by William Kearney, Manch, his brother.   One of these are lands (25 acres held yearly from the Bandon Estate) at Rossmore which he acquired by mortgage from Mary Evans of £88 5s in 1887.  She acquired the interest from her late husband William and paid off another mortgage in favour of George Rawlings, shopkeeper, Bantry and it is possible that Fr. Kearney advanced the money for this.  Attending funeral, Bantry Jane Dillon nee Roycroft (1843-1892)

His land expertise was called upon by the Dukelow family in Brahalish to divide a farm between two brothers to ensure both had water and access did not interfere with the others This he did to both their satisfaction this is the holding of the late Richie Dukelow and Pat McCarthy.

He was lampooned by a local poet, part of the words referred to his brother who married a Protestant (one of Luther’s breed) perhaps reflecting the then thinking.

In 1885 he was a nominator with Father T. O’Leary, C.C. to James Gilhooley, Bantry who was elected.  Gilhooly was returned unopposed as an MP for West Cork and Father Kearney was his assentor.  

William Kearney also owned Cummer farm which was put up for auction in 1898 and consisted of 250 acres with 80 good acres yielding 31/2 tons of hay to the acre.  He acquired Durrus Court and various lands from the Earl of Bandon in 1894 by way of lease for 99 years from 29^th Sept 1894 at a rent of £25 he died on the 2^nd July 1897 and let his interest to his successor Parish Priest of Durrus Daniel Foley he in turn assigned his interest to his successor Timothy O’Leary.  On his death the Bantry Poor Law Guardians adjourned for a week.