Covenants in 18th and 19th century Leases re Bogs, Turf, Bog wood as an indicator of Landscapes 2,000 years ago the Bog Commissioners and Proposals to Drain and Grown Flax an Hemp 1805 on.

In old Estate leases there are frequent references to bogs, how much use is permitted, amount to be given to Landlord as entire or partial rent and the use of bog wood bog oak.  The presence of bog oak is evidence of a forested landscape pre c300 AD when climate change encouraged the growth of bogs smothering and preserving the tree roots.   Bog oak is still to be found very resilient and in the past was used as slivers to produce light at night.

During the Napoeonic Wars supplies of hemp were cut off crucial for sail making.  There was a proposal to drain the bogs of Ireland perhaps 15% of the land mass.

The Bog Commission was set up and produced beautiful maps pre Ordnance Survey which still survive. The great proposals were not realised unto Bord na Móna was set up in the 1930s.

It is somewhat ironic that small farmers cannot now use turf for their own use while industrial extraction takes place by a State Company.

Click to access book.pdf

http://www.historyireland.com/18th-19th-century-history/napoleons-irish-legacy-the-bogs-commissioners-1809-14/

https://books.google.ie/books?id=H9dSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA148&lpg=PA148&dq=bog+commissioners&source=bl&ots=OVlefXD2uv&sig=fh9Ztudk6jX8BJ9porNytnOouAw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BK0GVfrUN8qP7Abz6ICAAg&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=bog%20commissioners&f=false

https://durrushistory.com/2015/03/05/lease-of-raheen-townland-bantry-west-cork-1787-12-statute-hogsheads-of-good-and-well-saved-black-turf-and-49-per-annum-and-payment-of-rent-on-bere-island-by-butter/

Ancient butter making, Líam English 18th century poet, Miosgan of buter, Bog Butter, 18th century Christian and Pagan incantation on butter making

https://durrushistory.com/2015/01/06/discovery-of-bronze-palstave-c-1-400-bc-dunbeacon-bog-durrus-west-cork/

Discovery of Primitive Bog Oak Spade beneath 12 foot peat in farm of Mr. W Kingston, near Ballydehob, West Cork 1890s, 7th century King of Connaught assailed by men cutting turf who killed him.

From the Becher estate in the Ballydehob area:

Destruction of Salmon, 1862, on the ILen River, Skibbereen, 18 separate Lampings, Four Prosecutions in Drimoleague, One in Skibbereen, 18th century Strokehauling on Bandon River, Piking Salmon with a Hayfork on Durrus River under Creamery Bridge and  Cork in late 20th Century on Shaky Bridge.

In Dr. Went’s article on the Bandon River Fishery he refers to the surprise at British Soldiers at the common method of obtaining salmon, ‘Strokhauling’ a form of gaffing now completely illegal and at the time veering between illegality and legality.

https://www.google.ie/maps/place/Bandon,+Co.+Cork/@51.7113553,-8.6363737,14z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x4844f4296d3db1af:0xa00c7a99731fbb0

Perhaps still it occurs on the River Lee in the viscidity of the ‘Shaky Bridge’ Dalys, leading from the Mardyke to Sunday’s Well.  It runs in families in Cork.

https://www.google.ie/maps/place/Sunday’s+Well,+Cork/@51.8965786,-8.4993269,21z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x4844903227350ad1:0xd9b97c7e0715257d

In Durrus poaching goes back to the mists of time:

/www.google.ie/maps/@51.6230683,-9.5203228,21z

Schull:

https://www.google.ie/maps/place/Schull,+Co.+Cork/@51.5268665,-9.5479801,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x484599685602889f:0x0a00c7a99731c5b0

Rosskerig:

https://www.google.ie/maps/place/Rosskerrig,+Co.+Cork/@51.5886645,-9.6534678,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x48459d05a521be83:0x14dd873e9e0e6a69

Lease Covenants, Becher estate, Schull 1833, Tenant to Supply Landlord, One fat Hog, of one and a half hundred weight, O’Donovan Estate., Roskerrig, Kilcrohane, 1856, To  Supply a Labourer and horse and Guide four days a year

Genealogy of Conor McCarthy, (son John McCarthy Mór), Barony of Muskerry, died 1761 assumed his father-in-law’s surname Welply, names include Baldwin, Uncles, Collins, Jagoe, Riordan.

Courtesy Barry Bradfield.

Another family is this type of category are the Shouldhams family of  Dunmanway descended from a McCarthy heiress on the female line.

Maps 1801-1803, Shuldham (McCarthy) Estate 10,000 acres Dunmanway, Co. Cork

Some Cork Wills (1528-1859), destroyed in 1922 copied by William Henry Welply of Balineen, West Cork.

McCarthy Genealogy: From Irish Pedigrees; or the Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation by John O’Hart

Welply Macroom

Magistrate:

Richard Henry (Henry R) Marmion, 1869, Rineen, Castletownsend, Skibbereen, Resident, £150, m Grace Elizabeth d Herbert Moore, Tipperary, runs coaching business with brother, agent Townsend and local estates  Marmions came from Dundalk c1740s as agents to Beecher Estates.  Father ran shipping vessels during famine giving relief, listed 1886-6.  subscriber Dr. Daniel Donovan ‘History of Carbery, (5 copies) 1876. Well regarded locally.   Clerk of the Union 1855-59, A Liberal associate of solicitor and MP Mccarthy Downing, and later supported Home Rule.

Skibbereen, West Cork, Descendants of  Marmion of Dundalk, Co Louth Norman family intermarried names include Attridge, Beamish, Dowe, Jermyn, Long, Holmes, O’Driscoll, O’Sullivan, Wiseman, family involved in Land Management, Auctioneering, Transport Operators, Progressive Millers, Churchmen descendants England, Tasmania, USA.

Courtesy Owen Marmion from his book of world wide Marmions.

http://members.pcug.org.au/~nickred/deeds_index/name_index.phphttp://landedestates.nuigalway.ie:8080/LandedEstates/jsp/family-show.jsp?id=2379

https://plus.google.com/photos/100968344231272482288/albums/6126392064660080177

https://www.google.ie/maps/search/dungiven+co+derry/@54.9132405,-6.974915,11z

Revival of the Irish Linen Industry at Derrylane, Dungiven, Co. Derry.

We sometimes forget how large the Linen industry was in the 19th and early 20th century.  Belfast was the world centre the hub of innovation in technology, machinery manufacture, the chemistry of dyeing.  It had a world wide marketing and sales network in the English speaking world and Argentina.  This helped the northern counties of Ireland to hold onto a larger proportion of their population after the famine then the south.

http://www.uniqueirishexperiences.com/www.uniqueirishexperiences.com/Flax_Mill_Traditional_Crafts.html

http://www.flaxmill-textiles.com/index_textiles.htm

https://durrushistory.com/2012/09/18/flax-growing-in-west-cork/

https://www.google.ie/maps/place/Ballygurteen,+Co.+Cork/@51.6753894,-9.02662,12z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x4844ff8a9087b23f:0x933b975007f3ed93

Sale of Dunmanway Co. Cork, Lordship of Manor 1858, including Tolls of Ballygurteen fair, Patent allows 3 per year, 2 held, 1858,  producing £30 per annum.

An account of the Kilgariff, Clonakilty, West Cork, Eedy family to Clifton and Bathurst, New Brunswick, Canada some of the names mentioned Knowles, Bateman, Beamish, French, Morris, Stanley, Woulfe, Crowley, O’Donovan, Cahalane, Donoghue, A Glass of Whiskey Ballygurteen Fair prior to Emigrating.