Page 105

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Castle Bernard

Townland	Castlebernard
Civil Parish	Ballymodan
PLU	Bandon
DED	Ballymodan 1
County	Cork
Barony	Kinalmeaky
Description	Described by Lewis in 1837 as ” a stately mansion, built in 1806, adjacent to the site of the former O’Mahony castle” and originally known as Castle Mahon. It was the seat of the Bernard family in the late 1770s and 1780s and then known as Castlebernard. Occupied by Viscount Bernard at the time of Griffith’s Valuation and valued at £120. It was burnt in June 1921 and is now a ruin adjacent to Bandon Golf Club.

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Dictionary of Irish Biography

Bernard, Francis (1755–1830), 1st earl of Bandon and MP, was born 26 November 1755, the only son and eldest among six children of James Bernard (1729–1790) of Castle Bernard, near Bandon, Co. Cork, landowner, MP for Co. Cork (1781–90), and partner in the bank of Warren, Bernard & Co. (founded 1768), and his wife Esther (d. 1780), daughter of Percy Smyth of Headborough and widow of Robert Gookin. He was MP for Ennis, Co. Clare (1778–83) and for the family borough of Bandon (1783–90). After the failure of Warren, Bernard & Co. (1784) the Bernards were involved in a series of lengthy court actions till the mid 1820s. In parliament Francis and his father often acted independently, opposing the government till the viceroyalty of Portland (qv) in 1782. Active in the Volunteer movement, he was colonel of the Bandon Independent Company (1782) and Co. Cork delegate to the National Volunteer Convention of 1783, at which he announced that he would relinquish his patronage of rotten boroughs to make parliament more genuinely representative. For the next few years he was regarded as a Patriot in parliament. After his marriage (12 February 1784) to Catherine Henrietta (1768–1815), only daughter of Richard Boyle (qv), 2nd earl of Shannon, he reversed his father’s policy of neutrality or hostility to the Shannon interest and became a close parliamentary ally of his father-in-law (although their personal relationship was often strained). By 1788 his opposition to government had softened and it was believed that he was seeking a peerage. His identification with the Shannon interest during the regency crisis (1789–90) lost him some government patronage, but the breach was soon healed and he was created Baron Bandon (30 November 1793) and Viscount Bandon (6 October 1795). He raised and captained a corps of yeomanry cavalry in 1797, and faced with a United Irish uprising near Bandon in June 1798 was compelled to flee to Cork city with his family and belongings. Created earl of Bandon (29 August 1800), he was one of the original twenty-eight Irish representative peers created at passing of the act of union, which he supported. Among the largest resident Irish landlords, with a rent roll of about £30,000 a year in 1811, he demolished part of the old Castle Bernard and built a spacious mansion nearby. A staunch tory, he and his sons strongly opposed catholic emancipation in the 1810s and 1820s, and were prominent in the Bandon Brunswick Club (1829–30). He died 26 November 1830 at Castle Bernard.

He and his wife had six sons and three daughters. He was succeeded by his eldest son James Bernard (1785–1856), 2nd earl of Bandon, lord lieutenant (1842–56) and custos rotulorum of Co. Cork, and MP for Youghal, Co. Cork (1806–7, 1818–20), Co. Cork (1807–18), and Bandon (1820–26, 1830–31). James, who married (1809) Mary Susan Albinia, daughter of Charles Brodrick (qv), archbishop of Cashel, was one of Cork’s leading conservatives, and strongly supported the Orange order in the 1830s. At Westminster he and his two brothers generally acted in concert with the earls of Shannon.

Francis’s other sons included Richard Boyle Bernard (1787–1850), MP for Bandon (1812–15), dean of Leighlin, Co. Carlow (1822–50); Francis Bernard (1789–1813), lieutenant in the 9th light dragoons, who died in Coimbra, Portugal; Lt-col. William Smyth Bernard (1792–1863), MP for Bandon (1832–5, 1857–63); and Henry Boyle Bernard (1797–1815), cornet in the 1st Dragoon Guards, who died at Waterloo; his daughter Charlotte Esther (d. 1846) married (1816) Hayes St Leger, 3rd Viscount Doneraile (1786–1854).

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1830 Distress in Bandon. Number of Active Looks Dropped from 1,200 to 200. Deplorable State of the Cotton Trade. One sixth of Bandon’s Population in Destitution.

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West Cork Flax, Linen, Textiles

Click:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1u0vIz1nxG34pJua7qC7jtTCKWLjwVY81jSl0usPdojk/edit

https://www.dib.ie/biography/crowley-o-cruadhlaoich-diarmuid-a2253

In November 1921 Crowley retook his seat on the bench and went out on summer circuit in Co. Kerry in 1922. During this period the provisional government had been attempting to address the question of the status of the dáil courts. With the outbreak of civil war, the government feared that the anti-treaty side would appeal to the dáil courts for justice, on the assumption that such courts would by their nature be more sympathetic. On 11 July the cabinet, without seeking the necessary support of the dáil, suspended the dáil courts. Crowley forced the hand of the provisional government further on 19 July 1922 when he granted a conditional order of habeus corpus for George Plunkett (qv), son of Count Plunkett (qv). Under the terms of the order, both the minister for defence and the governor of Mountjoy prison had to show cause for Plunkett’s detention or produce him before Crowley on 26 July. Plunkett was a military prisoner from the Four Courts, and as such was viewed by the provisional government as falling outside any civil jurisdiction.

Crowley’s actions forced the hand of the provisional government,

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Click here:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1u0aEEgvpR7d-poU6J74v3TnhojtaRQv51XEg1-Rjaqw/edit?pli=1

Love family West Cork

Introduction, p. 2

Travellers, Visitors, p. 6

Love Wills Cork, p. 11

Local Protestant Population, p. 8

Marriage Records Schull and Skibbereen Registration Districts, p. 8

C 1830 Tithe Applotments.  Townlands on Mizen measured in Gneeves, p. 12

Updated Clothiers, Flax, Linen, Textiles, Weaving, West Cork, Bandon, p. 13

Valuation Office Records Mizen, p.13 

Huguenot Marriages, p. 14

Schull Burials, p. 14

Emigration from West Cork, Rochester, NY,  The Croston’s of Bradford and Haverhill Massachusetts, p. 16

Funerals St. Luke and St. Simon Cyrene Episcopal Church, Rochester, p. 16

Marriage Licence Bonds, probably mostly not West Cork, p. 16

Marriages, p. 18

Marriages, Schull, p. 18

One Catholic marriage to McCarthy, p. 18

Skibbereen from 1852, p. 24

Selected Deaths Schull District, p. 25

Bantry, p. 28

Selected Deaths Schull District 1882-1899, p. 25 

Royal Irish Constabulary, p. 30

1893 Anti Home Rule Meeting, Skibbereen, p. 31

1897 Juror, p. 32

Royal Navy service:  Also mention of Captain Love who landed in Crookhaven in 1601, p. 

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Bandon Memorials, p. 34

Newspaper Extracts, p. 35

Appendix 1,  Love Sullivan/O’Sullivan Descendants, p. 43-60

Introduction

This commenced with a request to assist in giving background on the Love family of West Cork in particular ‘The addresses listed for the Loves are Donegal, Goleen & Enaghhouchter Schull.  It developed into something more significant trying to portray the lot of the poorer Protestant in the Mizen Durrus area in the late 18th and early 19th century.  White the focus is on the Mizen area and other Co. Cork Loves fear=ture.  The anime does not appear on banners History of Bandon and his listing of the post 1590s planters.  However there are memorial of a love family in Bandon mud 17th century who appear reasonably prosperous.  Also a sampling of marriage records for the Schull and Skibbereen Registration Districts involving Love family members from the mid 19th century to the late 19th century shows the interaction with other families.

In relation to the Townlands

• Enaghoughter East (Eanach Uachtarach Thoir) , Kilmoe Civil Parish, Barony of West Carbery (West Division), Co. Cork 264 A, 0 R, 7 P
• Enaghoughter West (Eanach Uachtarach Thiar) , Kilmoe Civil Parish, Barony of West Carbery (West Division), Co. Cork 165 A, 0 R, 4 P

Click herer:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1B7-ECB3b5BR4xHtVSwX4RAUeEzGoIPyF1yV6htbNCxc/edit

Click Here:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Oo91DNzZmJwsRyNdvt-K5nr_XvlbNTOXKLKsg-K5BsE/edit

What started as a mere report on a Magistrates meeting turned out to be something far more substantial.  The Cork Examiner reported lampooned Alexander O’Driscoll for instigating the meeting citing his own troubles., Actually the loyal magistrates of West Cork had in effect been reeling from a catalogue of misfortune from the easing of the Penal Laws mid 18th century, entry of Catholics to the Legal profession 1790s, the attempted rising 1798, by about 1820 in Cork City at least by concentrating on business the Catholics had far surpassed to cities Protestants, Catholic Emancipation.  Daniel O’Connell repeal is dealt with later.  The Magistrates’ travails were to continue until independence of the larger part of the Island of Ireland in 1922.  In His memoirs Lord shandon (Ignatious O’Briedn) was Lord Chancellor was scathing in his comments.,  His observations on the early action of the Irish Free State are reproduced later.

However every time Alexandr O’Driscoll appears in a newspaper report it throws light not only on his own venality but on the atrocious condition endured by the majority of the population,  In a mixed religious area there were also many poor Protestants.

1841, West Cork  density,  comparable to China, Haita, India and Rwanda.

1841, population density.  This map is taken from The Atlas of the Irish Famine, John Crowley, William J. Smyth and Mike Murphy, Cork University Press 2012.  The population density of the populated areas is calculated by excluding mountain, lake and bog.  The result is a density comparable to China, India and Haiti.

Courtesy Atlas of The Irish Famine also

Introduction, p. 1

1841, West Cork  density,  comparable to China, Haita, India and Rwanda., p.1843 Meeting in Bandon of West Cork Magistrates Fear of Rebellion, p. 3

Cork Examiner/Freeman’s Journal, p. 5-14

West Cork Landlords, p. 14

Lord Shandon Magistrate Criticism, p. 16

Daniel O’Connell, Repeal and Apprehensions, p. 16

Listing of most of the West Cork Magistrates in Attendance at Bandon Meeting, p. 18-30

Alexander O’Driscoll, p. 31

Game License List appeared in THE NEW CORK EVENING POST for Monday 24 March 1800, p. 31

1826. Donor to Durrus Churches, p. 31

1827 dispersed Skibbereen mob, p. 32

1844 Trustee Marriage Settlement, p. 34

Alexander O’Driscoll Landlord, Magistrate, Skibbereen, In trouble Again before the Lord Chancellor,

Tithes, p. 34

1816   Fracas at Mass in Skibbereen, p. 35

Background to Alexander O’Driscoll’s suspension as a Magistrate, p. 39

1844 Commentary on Memorial for O’Driscolls reinstatement, p. 50

1843 Skibbereen Meeting to divide Co. Cork for Assizes, p. 54

1844 O’Driscoll restored to the Bench petition allegedly  signed by 22,900 persons, p. 54

1844 raised in the House of Lords by Earl Fortesque, p. 59

Grand Juror 1845, p. 62

1845 Railway Provisional Committee Bandon to Bantry, p. 62

1845 Alexander O’Driscoll Again, p. 65

1845 Attending funeral of Lady Carbery, p. 70

1845 Alleged conversion to the Church of Ireland, p. 71

1821 Bridge at Bealkenmara (Béal Cinn Mara) instigated by The O’Donovan, of Bawnlahan, authorised by Cork Grand Jury, Patrick Crowley contractor not paid by  1845, p. 71

1821 Bridge Referred to in the Diary of The O’Donovan, p. 74

Memorials, p. 76

Including

1807 Marriage settlement of Alexander O’Driscoll to Frances Haly (Healy?), Cork.  Note the multiplicity of different landlords recited

Here 1799  Timothy O’Driscoll known locally as Tim the Gauger father of Alexander possibly got revenue job due to closeness to Beecher family:

Alexander O’Driscoll in Chief Secretary Papers it is assumed it is the man referred to here, p.88

1847 Viscount Bernard speech to Parliament re Lawlessness in West Cork. p. 93

Comment, Alexander de Tocqueville, p. 94

1819- 1823, Diary of The O’Donovan, General Richard O’Donovan, Bawnlahan, Castlehaven. p. 117

https://photos.google.com/share/AF1QipNRiD6clm-alLgSfeN4Cq47_rMNLep6ODlQeJsjR5yp5ZRnF1jGXNO3JfqVwZ_JzA/photo/AF1QipNtsijbY5QQExtLzIgGIdiFOjHwJnvxlaGpOIPD?key=YUlaamIzcDFiQmthdzBwMUVocHZOdVNTM1A5ZlVn

Magistrates and others attending famine relief meeting Dunmanway, Cork Examiner 28th August 1846

This is a snapshot of those wielding influence in West Cork in the famine period.

Those listed are described as  noblemen and gentlemen.  Not strictly accurate even here. One benefit of independence is there are no  more meetings of noblemen and gentlemen.

Of those 72 listed, around 37 are landlords or their land agent, Payne in Bantry for the White Estate, Swanston in Bandon for the Devonshire estate.some with enormous holding, some like Bantry businessman John O’Connell comparatively small holdings.

Influence of Large Landowners.

As landowners, Irish Conservative MPs, like their English counterparts, were prominent in local government. They were well represented as magistrates on the Grand Juries, which played a key role both in local government and in the administration of justice at the local level. These positions also enhanced their influence in their localities. More senior appointments, like that of High Sheriff and Deputy Lieutenants and Lord Lieutenants of counties, had a higher status and were usually reserved for larger landowners. Lord Lieutenants, in particular, had considerable say in the distribution of local patronage, particularly in the appointment of magistrates.  To secure appointment as Lord Lieutenant was a clear sign of government favour, a fact that may account for the relatively low number of Conservative MPs appointed to this position during the years covered by this book. Throughout this period, Irish landowners retained a strong presence in Irish local government, the real decline in their influence coming only after the electoral reforms of 1884-85.

Ian D’Alton in his seminal work remarks that Cork Landlords were not particularly well off.  50% of the Estate were less then 400 acres, 80% less than 1,000.  Very few would fall into the category of ‘A great landowner’ having a rental of £10,000.  Furthermore as became evident with the advent of the Landed Estates Court many estates were heavily encumbered.

From the early 19th century falling rents and arrears of rent payments by middlemen further strained the finances of the estate.  On some estates management and legal expenses were reckoned at 30% of gross rental.

A certain amount of fractiousness was observed in 1822 ‘the magistrates in the south can scarcely ever be prevailed upon to act together from their entertaining so many petty jealousies and animosities towards each other’

Then succeeding decades would not be kind to Landlords.  The encumbered estates court, landed estates court in effect enabling lands heaving mortgaged to the dry cleaned and clear title given to the purchaser.   The Land Wars of the 1880s destroyed any landlords and tenant relationships that may have existed…..,

Click here:

Magistrates and others attending Famine Relief Meeting. Dunmanway. 1846

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JU6q0soyFv6Q9f9_qVcCuPI6SZWWABJvWxeqCUC5hgc/edit?pli=1

Schools Co. Cork in Receipt of Grants fro Books or Teachers Salary

From British Parliamentary Papers, Digitalised by the University of Southampton:

https://www.dippam.ac.uk/eppi/documents/11607/pages/271461

Erection of Schools Grants:

1841 Co. Cork Schools:

The chilling information here is that many of the pupils were to die in the famine.

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The County Gaol features having at some stage a pupil: